Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

The Silent Threat: Understanding Sudden Cardiac Arrest

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon, Paras Hospitals East & Patna.

Understanding Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Understanding Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Losing a loved one unexpectedly is an indescribable pain. As I walk down memory lane, a deeply painful recollection resurfaces—one of the most devastating moments of my life. A dear family member lost his life at a young age due to sudden cardiac arrest. This was in the 1970s when medical science was still evolving, and in India, heart disease diagnosis and treatment were in their infancy. Losing someone so young was not just a personal tragedy but a profound turning point for me. That loss ignited a purpose in my life—to become a heart specialist so I could educate people and save as many lives as possible.

A Rising Concern in Recent Times

In recent years, we have witnessed the sudden deaths of many young, vibrant, and seemingly healthy celebrities due to sudden cardiac arrest. These individuals had no known history of heart disease and appeared to be in good health. So what happened? What caused their untimely deaths? Why did they collapse suddenly—while sleeping, working out, or performing routine activities? Could this happen to anyone? How can we identify those at risk? These questions weigh heavily on our minds. Understanding the underlying causes is critical in preventing such tragedies.

What is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a life-threatening emergency in which the heart suddenly stops beating effectively, preventing blood flow to vital organs such as the brain, lungs, and kidneys. Without immediate medical intervention, unconsciousness follows within seconds, and death occurs within minutes.

Heart Attack vs. Cardiac Arrest: Understanding the Difference

Though often used interchangeably, a heart attack and cardiac arrest are not the same:

  • Heart Attack occurs when one or more arteries supplying blood to the heart become blocked, depriving the heart muscle of oxygen. This damage can trigger dangerous heart rhythms and, if untreated, lead to death.
  • Cardiac Arrest results from an electrical malfunction in the heart, causing it to stop beating suddenly. While a heart attack can lead to cardiac arrest, other conditions can also trigger it.

Heart Conditions That Can Cause Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Several underlying heart conditions can increase the risk of SCA, including:

  • Long QT Syndrome – A disorder affecting the heart’s electrical system, leading to irregular heartbeats.
  • Brugada Syndrome – A genetic condition that disrupts the heart’s normal rhythm.
  • Cardiomyopathy
    • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Thickened heart muscles make it harder for the heart to pump blood.
    • Dilated Cardiomyopathy – The heart becomes enlarged and weakened.
  • Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) – A blocked artery deprives the heart muscle of oxygen.
  • Heart Failure – The heart becomes too weak to pump blood efficiently.
  • Recreational Drug Use – Drugs like cocaine can trigger fatal heart rhythm abnormalities.
  • Infectious Diseases – Certain infections can damage the heart muscle.
  • Extreme Physical Exertion or Major Blood Loss – These can cause a sudden drop in blood flow, triggering cardiac arrest.
  • Congenital Heart Defects – Some individuals are born with structural heart abnormalities that increase the risk of SCA.

Warning Signs of Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Sudden cardiac arrest often occurs without warning, but in some cases, symptoms may indicate an impending event. These include:

  • Sudden loss of consciousness
  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Weakness or fatigue
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Shortness of breath

Emergency Response: Immediate Actions to Save a Life

In the event of sudden cardiac arrest, every second counts. Immediate intervention can mean the difference between life and death. Here’s what to do:

  1. Call for Emergency Help – Seek immediate medical assistance.
  2. Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) – Begin chest compressions to maintain blood circulation until professional help arrives.
  3. Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) – If available, an AED can deliver an electric shock to restore a normal heart rhythm.

How to Reduce the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Arrest?

While SCA can be unpredictable, proactive steps can help lower the risk:

  • Undergo regular cardiac evaluations, especially if you have a family history of heart disease.
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management.
  • Manage underlying conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
  • Avoid recreational drugs and excessive alcohol consumption.
  • Be aware of any unusual symptoms and seek medical advice promptly.

Final Thoughts

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a silent threat that can occur without warning, making awareness and prevention crucial. Recognizing early signs, adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, and seeking timely medical care can significantly reduce the risk. Educating ourselves and others empowers us to take proactive steps in saving lives and protecting families from unexpected loss.

While heart attacks remain the leading cause of SCA, other less common triggers can also be prevented with increased self-awareness and timely medical intervention. A little vigilance today can go a long way in safeguarding our heart health.

 

Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

Valvular Heart Disease: Types, Warning Signs, and Top Treatments

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon, Paras Hospitals East & Patna.

Valvular Heart Disease

Understanding Valvular Heart Disease: Types, Symptoms & Treatments

What Is Valvular Heart Disease?

Valvular heart disease (VHD) occurs when one or more heart valves fail to function properly, affecting blood flow through the heart. This condition can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue—or in some cases, remain silent until it reaches an advanced stage.

Millions worldwide suffer from heart valve disease, yet many remain unaware until complications arise. However, with early detection and advanced treatment options, serious risks like heart failure can be prevented.

What This Guide Covers:

  • Types of heart valve diseases, including rare conditions
  • Symptoms and risk factors to watch for
  • Modern and minimally invasive treatment options
  • Why early diagnosis is critical for heart health
  • How expert cardiac care at Paras Hospitals can help

Seeking professional care early can make all the difference. Learn more about effective treatments and expert care at Paras Hospitals, Delhi NCR & Patna.

Types of Valvular Heart Disease

Aortic Stenosis: The Most Common Valve Disease

  • Affects approximately 9 million people worldwide
  • The aortic valve narrows, restricting blood flow from the heart to the body
  • More common in older adults and individuals with high cholesterol or calcium buildup
  • Symptoms: Chest pain, breathlessness, dizziness
  • Treatment: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) or surgical valve replacement

Mitral Regurgitation: A Leaky Mitral Valve

  • Occurs when the mitral valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backwards
  • Can lead to fatigue, irregular heartbeat, and swelling in the feet
  • Treatment Options: Minimally invasive MitraClip procedure or surgical valve replacement

Tricuspid Valve Disease: Often Overlooked

  • Tricuspid Regurgitation: Blood flows backwards into the right atrium
  • Tricuspid Stenosis: Narrowing of the tricuspid valve, often caused by rheumatic fever
  • Symptoms: Swelling in the legs, fluid retention, fatigue
  • Treatment: Valve repair or replacement

Pulmonary Valve Disease: Rare but Serious

  • Pulmonary Stenosis: Restricts blood flow to the lungs
  • Pulmonary Regurgitation: Causes blood to leak back into the right ventricle
  • Symptoms: Shortness of breath, blue-tinted skin, fainting spells

Early diagnosis and treatment of valvular heart disease can help prevent severe complications like heart failure.

Rare Heart Valve Disorders You Should Know About

Quadricuspid Aortic Valve (QAV)

  • A rare congenital defect where the aortic valve has four leaflets instead of the usual three
  • This can lead to valve leakage and heart complications

Tricuspid Valve Stenosis

  • A rare narrowing of the tricuspid valve
  • Can result in right-sided heart failure

Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV)

  • A genetic condition where the aortic valve has only two flaps instead of three
  • Increases the risk of aortic stenosis and aneurysms

Endocarditis-Induced Valve Disease

  • Caused by bacterial infections that damage the heart valves
  • Can lead to life-threatening complications if untreated

Symptoms of Heart Valve Disease: When to See a Doctor

Many people with early-stage heart valve disease do not experience noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms may include:

  • Shortness of breath, especially during exercise
  • Chest pain or pressure
  • Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
  • Swollen feet, ankles, or legs
  • Dizziness or fainting spells
  • Extreme fatigue or weakness

Ignoring these symptoms can lead to serious complications such as heart failure. If you or a loved one experiences any of these signs, consult a heart specialist at Paras Hospitals for an early diagnosis and treatment.

Latest Treatments for Valvular Heart Disease

Thanks to medical advancements, treating heart valve disease is now safer and less invasive than ever. Depending on the severity and type of valve disease, doctors may recommend one of the following treatment options.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

  • A minimally invasive procedure to replace the aortic valve
  • No open-heart surgery is required, making it a great option for high-risk patients
  • Especially beneficial for elderly patients or those with underlying health conditions

MitraClip Procedure

  • A catheter-based procedure that clips the mitral valve to stop leakage
  • Offers a much quicker recovery time compared to open-heart surgery
  • Ideal for patients who cannot undergo major surgery

Balloon Valvuloplasty

  • Primarily used for narrowed heart valves (stenosis)
  • A small balloon is inserted and inflated to widen the valve, improving blood flow
  • Although effective, the procedure may not provide a permanent solution, and further treatment could be needed

Traditional Open-Heart Surgery

  • The most effective option for younger, healthier patients who need a long-term valve solution
  • Although it requires a longer recovery time, it offers durable results
  • Often recommended when minimally invasive options are not suitable

With so many treatment options available, early diagnosis is key to choosing the best approach. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with valvular heart disease, consult a heart specialist to explore the most effective treatment for your condition.

Preventing Heart Valve Disease

Although you may not be able to prevent heart valve disease entirely, you can significantly lower your risk by making key lifestyle changes. Here’s what you need to know:

  • First and foremost, manage your blood pressure and cholesterol – Since high blood pressure can weaken heart valves over time, maintaining healthy levels through a balanced diet, exercise, and medication when necessary is essential.
  • In addition, quit smoking – Smoking accelerates heart damage, increasing the risk of valve disease. The sooner you quit, the greater the benefits for your heart.
  • Eat Heart-Healthy Foods – Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid excessive saturated fats, sodium, and processed foods.
  • Stay Active – Regular exercise strengthens the heart and improves circulation. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week.
  • Treat Infections Promptly – Untreated infections like strep throat can lead to rheumatic heart disease, a major cause of valve damage. Seeking timely medical treatment can prevent complications.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Unfortunately, many people don’t realize they have heart valve disease until it becomes severe. More than 13 per cent of individuals aged 75 and older are affected, yet many remain undiagnosed.

  • Better Treatment Options – Catching the disease early increases the chances of effective, minimally invasive treatments.
  • Regular Heart Check-ups Prevent Complications – Routine screenings help detect issues before they become severe.
  • Echocardiograms Can Reveal Hidden Valve Problems – Advanced imaging can identify valve abnormalities even before symptoms appear.

At Paras Hospitals, we offer state-of-the-art cardiac screenings and expert care. If you are over 50 or have risk factors such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol, scheduling a heart check-up today can help safeguard your health for the future.

Get Expert Heart Care at Paras Hospitals

Don’t wait for your symptoms to get worse. If you experience any signs of heart valve disease, early diagnosis and treatment can make all the difference.

  • Expert cardiologists and heart surgeons
  • Advanced heart valve treatments including TAVR, MitraClip, and valve replacement
  • Eight hospital locations – Panchkula, Srinagar, Gurgaon, Patna, Ranchi, Darbhanga, Kanpur, and Udaipur

Call 07366098456 or book your appointment online. Your heart health matters.

Book Your Consultation Today

Why Early Check-ups Matter

Heart valve disease is more common than many people realize. Fortunately, modern treatments can often manage or even correct the condition effectively.

If you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or extreme fatigue, do not ignore these warning signs. Visit Paras Hospitals for a comprehensive heart check-up and expert treatment.

 

Call 07366098456 to book your consultation today.

 

Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

Shocking Facts About High Cholesterol Symptoms You Must Know

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East.

High Cholesterol: Symptoms, Risks, and Effective Management

Cholesterol: The Silent Risk Factor You Need to Watch

Cholesterol is a fatty substance in your blood that is essential for hormone production and cell function. However, excess low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or “bad” cholesterol can raise the risk of heart disease and stroke. The alarming reality is that high cholesterol typically has no noticeable symptoms until severe complications arise. Recognizing potential warning signs and monitoring your levels regularly can help you take control of your heart health and prevent life-threatening conditions.

What is High Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a type of fat (lipid) that your liver naturally produces and is also found in certain foods. It plays a vital role in hormone production, digestion, and overall cell function. However, excessive cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, can pose serious health risks.

Types of Cholesterol

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) – “Bad” Cholesterol

  • Builds up in artery walls, leading to blockages
  • Increases the risk of heart disease and stroke

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) – “Good” Cholesterol

  • Helps remove excess LDL from the bloodstream
  • Lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases

A high cholesterol diagnosis is typically based on:

  • LDL cholesterol above 160 mg/dL (4.1 mmol/L)
  • Total cholesterol above 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L)

Monitoring and managing cholesterol levels is crucial to preventing heart-related complications.

Signs and Symptoms of High Cholesterol

High cholesterol is often referred to as a “silent” condition because it typically does not cause noticeable symptoms until it has already led to serious health complications. However, certain signs may indicate cholesterol-related issues:

Common Signs to Watch For

1. Chest Pain (Angina)

  • Restricted blood flow due to plaque buildup in the arteries can cause chest pain or discomfort, especially during physical exertion or stress.

2. Shortness of Breath

  • Narrowed arteries may reduce oxygen supply to the heart and lungs, leading to breathing difficulties, particularly during activity.

3. Fatigue or Weakness

  • Poor circulation caused by cholesterol deposits can decrease oxygen supply to muscles and organs, causing persistent fatigue.

4. Numbness or Tingling in the Extremities

  • Blocked arteries may reduce blood flow to the arms, legs, or feet, causing sensations of numbness or tingling.

5. Stroke Symptoms

  • In severe cases, high cholesterol can lead to a stroke, with symptoms such as:
    • Sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side of the body)
    • Confusion or difficulty speaking
    • Vision problems
    • Loss of balance or dizziness

Since high cholesterol does not always present clear warning signs, routine health checkups and cholesterol level monitoring are crucial for early detection and prevention.

Risk Factors for High Cholesterol

Several factors can contribute to elevated cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease and other complications.

1. Unhealthy Diet

  • Consuming foods high in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol can raise LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels. Processed foods, fried items, and red meat are common culprits.

2. Obesity

  • Excess body fat, especially around the abdomen, is linked to lower HDL (“good”) cholesterol and higher LDL cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease.

3. Lack of Physical Activity

  • Regular exercise helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels by increasing HDL cholesterol and reducing LDL cholesterol. A sedentary lifestyle, on the other hand, contributes to cholesterol buildup.

4. Smoking

  • Smoking damages blood vessels, lowers HDL cholesterol, and increases the risk of plaque formation in the arteries, leading to heart disease and stroke.

5. Age and Gender

  • Cholesterol levels naturally increase with age. Women often experience a rise in cholesterol levels after menopause due to hormonal changes.

6. Family History

  • Genetics play a significant role in cholesterol levels. If your family has a history of high cholesterol or heart disease, your risk is higher.

7. Medical Conditions

  • Health conditions like diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease can contribute to high cholesterol levels by altering how the body processes fats.

Understanding these risk factors can help in making lifestyle changes to maintain healthy cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Diagnosis and Treatment of High Cholesterol

Diagnosis

Since high cholesterol typically has no symptoms, routine screening is crucial for early detection. A lipid panel blood test measures:

  • Total cholesterol
  • LDL (“bad”) cholesterol
  • HDL (“good”) cholesterol
  • Triglycerides

Your healthcare provider will assess these levels and determine the best course of action.

Treatment Options

  1. Lifestyle Changes
    • Healthy Diet: Eat more fibre-rich foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats while avoiding saturated and trans fats.
    • Regular Exercise: At least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days can help lower LDL and raise HDL cholesterol.
    • Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight can significantly improve cholesterol levels.
    • Quit Smoking: Stopping smoking can raise HDL cholesterol and improve overall heart health.
    • Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive drinking can increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
  2. Medications
    If lifestyle changes aren’t enough, your doctor may prescribe cholesterol-lowering medications, such as:
    • Statins: Reduce LDL cholesterol production in the liver.
    • Ezetimibe: Helps block cholesterol absorption from food.
    • PCSK9 Inhibitors: Lower LDL cholesterol levels in high-risk patients.

Regular follow-ups and cholesterol monitoring are essential to track progress and adjust treatment as needed.

High Cholesterol: Symptoms, Risks, and Effective Management

Lifestyle Changes

  1. Adopt a Heart-Healthy Diet
    • Focus on foods low in saturated and trans fats.
    • Include fibre-rich options like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats (olive oil, nuts).
  2. Increase Physical Activity
    • Regular exercise helps raise HDL (“good”) cholesterol and lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol.
  3. Maintain a Healthy Weight
    • Losing excess weight improves cholesterol levels and overall heart health.
  4. Quit Smoking
    • Smoking lowers HDL cholesterol and significantly increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.
  5. Manage Stress
    • High stress can lead to unhealthy habits that may negatively impact cholesterol levels.

Medications

If lifestyle changes alone aren’t enough, your doctor may prescribe cholesterol-lowering medications:

  • Statins: Block cholesterol production in the liver, lowering LDL cholesterol.
  • Bile Acid Sequestrants: Prevent cholesterol absorption from bile acids in the digestive system.
  • Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors: Reduce cholesterol absorption in the intestines.
  • Fibrates: Lower triglycerides and, in some cases, raise HDL cholesterol.

It’s essential to follow your doctor’s recommendations and take prescribed medications as directed for effective cholesterol management.

Final Thought

High cholesterol is a silent risk factor for serious cardiovascular conditions. Since it often has no symptoms, regular screening and adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle are key to prevention. A balanced diet, exercise, and weight management help maintain healthy cholesterol levels. If lifestyle changes aren’t enough, medications can further reduce risks.

Take proactive steps today to protect your heart health.

For expert guidance and treatment, consult Dr. Sanjay Kumar.

📞 Book an appointment at Paras Hospital Gurgaon, Paras Hospitals East & Patna. – Call: 07366098456

 

Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

Schedule a Consultation with the Top Cardiologist in Delhi NCR (Gurgaon)

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East.

Top Cardiologist in Delhi NCR (Gurgaon)

Cardiology is a specialized branch of internal medicine focused on diagnosing, treating, and preventing heart diseases and circulatory system disorders. Whether you or a loved one requires expert care for cardiovascular conditions, Delhi NCR offers a wide range of heart specialists to meet your needs. Finding the best cardiology hospital in Delhi NCR ensures access to top-tier medical staff, advanced equipment, and comprehensive cardiac care, providing the highest expertise for effective treatment and heart health management.

Book a Consultation with the Best Cardiologist in Delhi NCR

Paras Institute of Cardiology provides expert cardiac care, advanced technology, and top-tier medical services. Led by Dr. Sanjay Kumar, Vice Chairman and Chief Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgeon at Paras Hospital Gurgaon, Paras Hospitals East & Patna, the institute ensures excellence in diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care. With 22 years of experience, Dr. Sanjay Kumar specializes in complex cardiovascular procedures, offering patients comprehensive and personalized heart care. At Paras Hospital, every patient receives the highest medical attention and state-of-the-art treatment for heart-related conditions.

Comprehensive Cardiac Care at Paras Institute of Cardiology

Paras Institute of Cardiology offers a comprehensive range of treatments, from non-invasive cardiology care such as TMTs and ECGs to advanced vascular surgeries and interventional cardiology procedures like carotid angioplasties. With cutting-edge technology and expertise, the institute provides specialized care for various heart conditions. Dr. Sanjay Kumar, Vice Chairman and Chief Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgeon at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East, leads a team dedicated to delivering top-tier cardiac care. The institute stands out as one of the few hospitals in Delhi NCR offering such an extensive spectrum of diagnostic and treatment options.

Pioneering Cardiac Excellence at Paras Institute of Cardiology

Paras Institute of Cardiology stands out as the best heart hospital in Delhi NCR due to its groundbreaking achievements in cardiac care.

Milestones in Cardiac Treatment

  • India’s First Daycare Angioplasty – Paras Hospital successfully performed the first-ever daycare angioplasty, revolutionizing cardiac procedures by making them quicker and more efficient.
  • Advanced Trans-Radial Program – The hospital pioneered a trans-radial program, allowing cardiac catheterization through wrist arteries for a less invasive and more comfortable procedure.

Take the First Step Towards Better Heart Health

The first step in understanding your heart health is consulting a heart specialist. Getting a specialized diagnosis can help determine the right treatment options.

Why Early Consultation Matters?

  • Reduces Stress – Knowing your condition early can ease anxiety.
  • Prevents Delays – Timely diagnosis helps avoid complications.
  • Personalized Treatment – Expert guidance from Dr. Sanjay Kumar, Vice Chairman and Chief Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgeon at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East.

Book an Appointment at the Best Heart Hospital in Gurgaon

Don’t wait! Click here to consult with the best cardiologist in Delhi NCR at Paras Institute of Cardiology today.

 

Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

Tips to Maintain a Healthy Heart Rate

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East.

heart rate

Understanding and Managing Your Heart Rate

Your heart rate, also known as pulse rate, is the number of beats per minute (bpm). A normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 bpm, indicating a healthy heart. Maintaining a low resting heart rate is beneficial for overall well-being.

A consistently high heart rate can increase the risk of heart attack, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Since heart rate fluctuates throughout the day based on activities like walking, sitting, and lying down, monitoring it regularly is essential. If your heart rate frequently falls outside the normal range, it may signal an underlying health issue that requires medical attention.

Symptoms of Changes in Heart Rate

An increased heart rate can lead to various symptoms, including:

  • Dizziness
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Chest pain
  • Fatigue
  • Tiredness
  • Shortness of breath

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience any of these symptoms or complications, seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious health risks.

Call 73660-98456 to book an appointment today.

Causes of Changes in Heart Rate

Several factors can cause fluctuations in heart rate, including:

  • Weather: High temperatures and humidity can increase heart rate as the body works to cool itself down.
  • Exercise: Physical activity raises the heart rate to deliver oxygen to muscles depending on the intensity of the workout.
  • Emotional Stress: Feeling overwhelmed or anxious can trigger an elevated heart rate.
  • Rapidly Changing Body Position: Sudden movements, such as standing up quickly, can cause a temporary rise in heart rate.
  • Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels can temporarily affect heart rate, leading to a rapid pulse.
  • Prescription Drugs: Certain medications may cause an increased heart rate as a side effect.
  • Fright: Intense fear can lead to a sudden spike in heart rate due to the body’s stress response.

Monitoring these triggers can help maintain a healthy heart rate and prevent complications.

Risk Factors That Influence Heart Rate

Several factors can impact heart rate, including:

  • Age: Older individuals are more likely to experience increased heart rate.
  • Medication: Certain medications can cause fluctuations, leading to either an increase or decrease in heart rate.
  • Fitness Levels: People with lower fitness levels tend to have a higher heart rate during physical activity.
  • Obesity: Excess weight can contribute to heart rate fluctuations and increased cardiovascular strain.
  • Smoking: Smoking has a direct impact on heart rate and overall heart health.
  • Emotions: Anxiety, stress, and intense emotions can raise heart rate levels.

Treatment Options for Irregular Heart Rate

Several treatments can help manage and prevent irregular heart rates:

  • Catheter Ablation: Used when an extra electrical pathway causes an increased heart rate.
  • Medications: Beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers can help regulate heart rate.
  • Pacemaker: A device that helps control abnormal heart rhythms.
  • Surgery: In severe cases, heart surgery may be required to correct heart rate disorders.

Complications of a High Heart Rate

If the heart beats too fast, it may not pump enough blood to the body, leading to complications such as:

  • Low physical fitness
  • Weakness
  • Low blood pressure
  • Chest pain
  • Obesity
  • Low energy levels
  • Poor blood circulation
  • Heart failure
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Stroke

Maintaining a healthy heart rate through lifestyle changes and medical intervention can reduce the risk of serious health complications.

Preventive Measures to Maintain a Healthy Heart Rate

Dr. Sanjay Kumar, a renowned cardiologist at Paras Hospital, Gurgaon, and Patna, emphasizes that maintaining a steady heart rate is essential for overall heart health. Below are some preventive measures to prevent an irregular heartbeat:

  • Limit caffeine and alcohol intake: Excessive consumption can lead to an irregular heart rate. Moderation is key.
  • Quit smoking: Smoking significantly impacts heart health. If you’re struggling to quit, consult a healthcare expert.
  • Maintain healthy blood pressure levels: Reduce salt intake and follow a balanced diet to avoid hypertension-related heart issues.
  • Regular exercise and diet: A combination of healthy eating and daily physical activity is essential for heart wellness.

Diet for a Healthy Heart Rate

According to experts at Paras Hospital, Gurgaon, and Patna, proper nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining a stable heart rate. Key dietary recommendations include:

  • Whole grains: Help lower cholesterol, blood sugar, and blood pressure, reducing the risk of heart disease.
  • Leafy greens and fruits: Rich in vitamin K1, they support cardiovascular health and prevent heart rate fluctuations.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids: Found in fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel) and plant sources (chia seeds, walnuts, flaxseeds), they help regulate heart rate and lower cardiac arrest risk.

Conclusion

Heart disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Dr. Sanjay Kumar advises that a normal resting heart rate of 60-72 beats per minute is a strong indicator of a healthy heart. Lifestyle modifications, proper nutrition, and regular check-ups at Paras Hospital, Gurgaon, and Patna can significantly reduce heart-related risks.

For expert consultation, book an appointment with Dr. Sanjay Kumar at Paras Hospital, Gurgaon, or Patna today.

 

Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

Post-Heart Transplant Diet: Essential Guidelines

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East.

heart transplant Diet

Diet After Heart Transplant: Essential Guidelines

A heart transplant requires significant lifestyle changes, including a well-balanced diet to support recovery and overall health. Certain medications and procedures may affect taste or reduce appetite, making proper nutrition essential.

Post-Surgery Nutrition Tips:

  • Eat small, frequent meals for better digestion and comfort.
  • Include high-calorie, protein-rich snacks like milkshakes and juices.
  • If eating enough is challenging, consult a dietitian for personalized recommendations. Nutritional supplements may be suggested, but prioritize whole foods first.

A proper diet is crucial in healing and long-term heart health after a transplant.

Diet and Immunosuppressive Medications After a Heart Transplant

Maintaining a proper diet is crucial after a heart transplant, as immunosuppressive drugs can cause various side effects that impact overall health. These medications:

  • Leads to potassium loss.
  • Cause water and salt retention.
  • Increase hunger and promote weight gain.
  • Raise cholesterol, fat, and blood sugar levels.
  • Accelerate the narrowing of heart blood vessels.

Even if you have no prior weight or heart vessel issues, a healthy diet is essential to manage these effects and maintain long-term heart health.

Caloric Restrictions After a Heart Transplant

Managing your calorie intake is essential to maintaining a healthy weight after a heart transplant. Excess weight puts extra strain on your heart and increases the risk of complications.

  • Weight Management: Your calorie intake may need to be adjusted to prevent weight gain or loss.
  • Increased Appetite: Immunosuppressive medications can cause hunger, leading to overeating.
  • Heart Health: Being overweight raises triglyceride (fat) levels in the bloodstream, increasing the risk of blood vessel thickening and heart disease.

Monitoring your diet and portion sizes is crucial for long-term heart health.

Cholesterol and Saturated Fat Restriction After a Heart Transplant

Cholesterol and fats play a crucial role in the body, but excessive levels—especially of saturated fats—can lead to the narrowing of blood vessels, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease.

Why Is Fat Restriction Important?

  • Blood Vessel Health: Excess cholesterol and saturated fats can accumulate in the arteries, restricting blood flow.
  • Medication Effects: Some immunosuppressive drugs may raise fat levels in the blood, increasing cardiovascular risks.
  • Dietary Balance: Fat intake should be limited to no more than 30% of total daily calories, with saturated fat making up less than 10%.

Foods High in Cholesterol & Saturated Fats (Avoid or Limit)

  • Animal Products: Organ meats (liver, kidney), egg yolks, whole milk, butter, cream, and full-fat cheeses.
  • Vegetable Sources: Coconut, cocoa butter, and palm oil.
  • Fried Foods: Instead of frying, opt for boiling, baking, or steaming.

Healthier Fat Alternatives

  • Protein Sources: Low-fat dairy, lean meats, and fatty fish (salmon, trout, tuna, bluefish).
  • Vegetable Oils: Olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sesame oil, groundnut oil, sunflower oil, and rice bran oil.

Managing Carbohydrates, Sodium, and Fluids After a Heart Transplant

Post-transplant dietary changes are essential for maintaining heart health and preventing complications caused by medications and lifestyle factors.

Carbohydrate Restrictions

  • Why It Matters: Excess carbohydrates, especially sugars, can increase triglycerides in the blood, leading to cardiovascular risks.
  • Dietary Adjustment: Reduce sugar and processed foods, focusing on complex carbohydrates like whole grains, legumes, and fiber-rich foods.

Essential Dietary Changes Post-Transplant

Your diet will need adjustments in the following areas:

Fluid and sodium restriction

Caloric control

Carbohydrate moderation

Protein intake

Cholesterol and fat restriction

Caffeine limitation

Increased fibre intake

Alcohol restriction

Fluid and Sodium Control

  • Why It’s Important: Sodium causes the body to retain fluids, leading to high blood pressure and added strain on the heart. Medications like Prednisone can increase sodium and fluid retention.
  • How to Reduce Sodium:
    • Avoid processed and canned foods high in salt.
    • Choose fresh vegetables and unsalted nuts.
    • Use herbs and spices instead of salt for flavouring.
    • Eat whole fruits instead of drinking juices to limit fluid intake.

💡 Tip: Your doctor may prescribe a sodium-restricted diet or a diuretic to help eliminate excess sodium and fluids from your body.

These dietary changes are crucial for long-term heart health and successful recovery after transplantation.

Post-Transplant Diet: Managing Sodium, Caffeine, Alcohol, and Protein Intake

Maintaining a heart-healthy diet after transplant surgery is essential for recovery and long-term health. Hospitals like Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospital Patna emphasize the importance of dietary adjustments to prevent complications related to sodium, caffeine, alcohol, and protein intake.

Foods High in Sodium (Na+)

Excess sodium can lead to fluid retention and high blood pressure, putting additional strain on your heart. Patients at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals Patna are advised to avoid high-sodium foods, including:

Meat & Protein Sources: Canned meats, ham, smoked salmon, canned fish, cheese, and regular peanut butter.

Vegetables: Pickled vegetables, brined olives, frozen peas, lima beans, and vegetables packed with sauces.

Breads & Cereals: Salted bread, corn chips, potato chips, salted popcorn, and other salted snacks.

Fats: Bacon fat, salted nuts, olives, spreads, dips, and sauces.

Soups: Canned broth soups, commercially prepared stews, and instant or dried soups.

💡 Tip: Be mindful of monosodium glutamate (MSG) used in Chinese food. When dining out, request that food be prepared without MSG.

Other Dietary Restrictions

Caffeine Restriction: Patients at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospital Patna may need to limit caffeine intake from coffee, tea, chocolate, and dark sodas.

High Soluble Fiber Intake: Foods rich in soluble fibre, such as fenugreek, oats, beans, and barley, help lower cholesterol levels.

Alcohol Restriction: Alcohol should be avoided as it can elevate triglyceride levels and negatively impact liver function, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease.

Protein Intake

Immediately after surgery, a diet high in biological value protein sources helps wound healing and recovery. However, protein intake may be adjusted based on kidney function. Long-term, high protein intake is no longer required.

For expert dietary guidance and post-transplant care, patients can seek support from leading healthcare facilities like Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospital Patna.

 

Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

Keyhole Heart Surgery: Procedure, Benefits, Types & Recovery

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East.

Keyhole Heart Surgery

What is Keyhole Heart Surgery?

Keyhole heart surgery, or minimally invasive heart surgery, is a modern technique for performing procedures like bypass or valve surgery through small incisions. This approach reduces recovery time, minimizes pain, and lowers the risk of complications.

Expert cardiac surgeons at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Patna use advanced technology and specialized instruments to ensure precise, effective treatment. With years of experience and thousands of successful procedures, our team provides world-class cardiac care. Trust us to keep your heart in expert hands.

Conditions Treated with Keyhole Heart Surgery

Keyhole heart surgery is an advanced, minimally invasive technique used to treat various heart conditions without the need for large chest incisions or breaking bones. Surgeons make small incisions between the ribs to access the heart, reducing recovery time and complications.

This procedure is commonly used to treat:

  • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Restoring blood flow to the heart through minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery.
  • Aortic Valve Regurgitation – Repairing or replacing a leaking aortic valve.
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis – Treating narrowed aortic valves that restrict blood flow.
  • Mitral Valve Stenosis – Correcting stiff or narrowed mitral valves to improve heart function.
  • Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation – Repairing tricuspid valves that fail to close properly.

Keyhole surgery is also used for:

✔️ Removing heart tumours
✔️ Closing congenital heart defects (such as atrial septal defects)
✔️ Treating heart valve diseases with precision and minimal recovery time

This technique offers a safer, faster, and more efficient alternative to traditional open-heart surgery, allowing patients to resume daily activities sooner.

Benefits of Keyhole Heart Surgery at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Patna

Minimal Scars (Cosmetic Incision)

Appearance matters and keyhole heart surgery offers a significant cosmetic advantage. This procedure uses small incisions, resulting in minimal scarring compared to conventional open-heart surgery. Instead of a 12-inch chest incision, keyhole surgery typically involves incisions of just 2-3 inches. In some cases, the procedure can even be performed through the groin using a catheter, eliminating any chest scars.

No Broken Bones

Unlike traditional open-heart surgery, which requires cutting through the breastbone, keyhole heart surgery is performed through small gaps between the ribs. This avoids bone fractures, reducing the trauma to the body. As a result, patients recover much faster—within a week—compared to the two-month recovery period for conventional surgery.

Less Pain and Lower Risk of Infection

Since no bones are broken, patients experience significantly less pain after surgery. Additionally, the risk of bone infection is drastically reduced, making the procedure safer and more comfortable for recovery.

Faster Recovery

Traditional open-heart surgery requires 6-8 weeks for the breastbone to heal completely. In contrast, keyhole surgery allows wounds to heal within days, and patients can return to daily activities in as little as two weeks. This quicker recovery time helps individuals resume normal life much sooner.

At Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Patna, our expert cardiac surgeons use cutting-edge technology to ensure a safer, less invasive, and highly effective heart surgery experience.

How Can Keyhole Heart Surgery Help You?

Discovering that you need heart surgery can be overwhelming, but at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Patna, we are here to guide you every step of the way. Our expert team provides both professional and compassionate support, ensuring you understand your condition and available treatment options.

If your heart condition requires surgical intervention, we help you explore the safest and most effective solutions, including minimally invasive keyhole heart surgery, which offers faster recovery and minimal scarring compared to traditional open-heart surgery.

Are You a Candidate for Minimally Invasive or Robotic Surgery?

Our specialists at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Patna will carefully evaluate your condition and discuss the advantages and limitations of keyhole heart surgery versus conventional procedures. The decision is based on multiple factors, including:

✅ Type and severity of heart disease
✅ Age and overall health
✅ Personal and family medical history
✅ Current lifestyle
✅ Results of pre-surgical tests and evaluations

We also offer second opinions for patients seeking additional clarity on their treatment choices. Our goal is to ensure you receive the best possible care with an approach that prioritizes safety, effectiveness, and your long-term well-being.

Types of Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery

At Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Patna, our expert cardiac surgeons have been performing minimally invasive heart surgeries for years, starting with mitral and aortic valve procedures. Today, patients have access to various advanced heart surgeries that ensure faster recovery, minimal scarring, and improved outcomes.

1. Mini-Thoracotomy

In this procedure, surgeons make one or more small incisions between the ribs to access the heart, eliminating the need for a large chest incision.

2. Robotically Assisted Heart Surgery

We also offer robotic heart surgery, which provides high precision and control. This advanced procedure is used to treat:
✅ Mitral valve regurgitation (leaky mitral valve)
✅ Tricuspid valve repair
✅ Mitral valve repair
✅ Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) repair
✅ Removal of cardiac tumours

Recovery After Keyhole Heart Surgery

Patients undergoing minimally invasive or robotic heart surgery typically stay in the hospital for 3 to 5 days after the procedure. Our specialized healthcare team closely monitors your recovery and provides personalized care.

Upon discharge, you’ll receive a detailed recovery plan, including instructions on:
✔ Daily activity restrictions
✔ Dietary guidelines
✔ Medications and follow-ups

Most patients can resume routine activities within 2-3 weeks, but recovery time may vary based on individual cases. At Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Patna, we aim to help you heal safely and return to a healthy life as soon as possible.

 

Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

Are Women at Higher Risk of Cardiac Arrest Mortality Than Men?

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East.

Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is a critical medical emergency where the heart suddenly stops beating, cutting off blood flow to vital organs. This life-threatening condition can occur in both men and women, regardless of age. However, studies indicate that women have a 34% survival rate from the moment of cardiac arrest to hospital admission, compared to 37% in men. This difference may be influenced by anatomical and physiological factors, disparities in medical care access, and variations in emergency response times.

Before exploring the factors that contribute to lower survival rates in women, let’s first understand the causes and symptoms of cardiac arrest in women.

Which Women Are at Risk of Cardiac Arrest?

Certain factors increase the likelihood of cardiac arrest in women, potentially leading to lower survival rates. These risk factors include:

  • Advancing Age – The risk increases with age, especially after menopause.
  • High Blood Pressure – Hypertension puts extra strain on the heart.
  • Diabetes – Women with diabetes have a higher risk of heart complications.
  • Obesity – Excess weight increases the risk of heart disease and cardiac arrest.
  • Tobacco & Alcohol Consumption – Smoking and excessive alcohol weaken the heart.
  • Family History of Heart Disease – Genetic predisposition plays a significant role.
  • Hormonal Changes – Menopause-related hormonal shifts can impact heart health.

Understanding these risk factors can help women take proactive steps toward heart health and prevention.

Signs of Cardiac Arrest in Women

Women may experience different or more subtle symptoms before cardiac arrest compared to men. Here are key warning signs to watch for:

  • Discomfort in the neck, jaw, shoulder, upper back, or belly – Pain may not always be centred in the chest.
  • Nausea or vomiting – Unexplained digestive issues can signal heart distress.
  • Shortness of breath – Difficulty breathing, even at rest, is a red flag.
  • Unusual fatigue – Extreme tiredness days or weeks before cardiac arrest.
  • Light-headedness or dizziness – Feeling faint or losing balance unexpectedly.
  • Heartburn – A burning sensation that may be mistaken for acid reflux.
  • Sweating – Sudden, cold sweats without exertion.
  • Chest pain or discomfort – Pressure, squeezing, or pain in the chest.
  • Pain in the arms – Radiating pain, especially in the left arm.

Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking medical help can be lifesaving.

Factors Affecting Cardiac Arrest Survival Rates in Women

Several factors contribute to the lower survival rate of women experiencing cardiac arrest compared to men:

  1. Anatomic Differences – Women have smaller coronary arteries and lower blood flow, making resuscitation more challenging.
  2. Menopause Transition (MT) – Hormonal changes during menopause affect body composition, lipid levels, and vascular health, increasing heart disease risk.
  3. Lower CPR Performance – Studies show men are more likely to receive bystander CPR than women, reducing survival chances.
  4. Misdiagnosis – Women’s heart symptoms are often mistaken for anxiety or indigestion, delaying critical treatment.
  5. Delayed Response – Many women hesitate to seek medical help, unaware of heart attack warning signs.
  6. Age Factor – Women typically experience cardiac arrest at an older age than men, which is linked to lower survival rates.

Awareness and timely medical intervention can help bridge this survival gap.

Ways to Prevent Cardiac Arrest in Women

While cardiac arrest cannot always be prevented, maintaining heart health can reduce the risk. Here’s how:

✔ Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle – Eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly.

✔ Manage Health Conditions – Control high blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol.

✔ Quit Smoking & Alcohol – Reduce or eliminate tobacco and alcohol consumption.

✔ Recognize Warning Signs – Seek immediate medical help for chest pain or unusual symptoms.

✔ Monitor Hormonal Changes – Keep track of hormone levels, especially during menopause.

✔ Manage Stress – Practice yoga, meditation, and relaxation techniques.

✔ Learn CPR – Ensure family members are trained in CPR for emergencies.

For expert guidance, consult a Paras Hospital Cardiologist today.

FAQs

🔹 What is cardiac arrest?
Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency where the heart suddenly stops beating, causing loss of consciousness and breathing.

🔹 When are women more prone to cardiac arrest?
According to the Center for Cardiac Arrest Prevention, 25.4% of women experience cardiac arrest at night, compared to 20.6% of men.

🔹 Can hormonal imbalance increase the risk of cardiac arrest?
Yes, hormonal changes during and after menopause can increase the risk of cardiac arrest in women.

🔹 Who is at high risk of experiencing cardiac arrest?
Adults between their mid-30s and mid-40s are at the highest risk.

🔹 How long can you survive a cardiac arrest?
Without CPR, survival chances drop significantly after 8 minutes.

For expert guidance, consult a Paras Hospital Cardiologist today.

 

Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

Understanding the Differences: Heart Attack, Cardiac Arrest, and Heart Failure

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East.

Understanding the Differences: Heart Attack, Cardiac Arrest, and Heart Failure

The heart plays an important role in the circulation of blood and oxygen throughout the body. However, serious heart diseases such as heart attacks, cardiac arrest and heart failure can have a major impact on its function. Lack of consciousness and delayed treatment are one of the main causes of heart-related deaths.

Early detection of symptoms of these diseases can lead to life-saving medical interventions. This article examines the differences between heart attacks, cardiac arrest and heart failure. If the cause, symptoms, and if you need to seek emergency medical care.

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

A heart attack, medically known as myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked or significantly reduced, leading to damage of the heart muscle. This happens due to a blockage in the coronary arteries, which are responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart. Without prompt treatment, the affected heart tissue begins to deteriorate, potentially leading to life-threatening complications.

Causes of a Heart Attack

The primary cause of a heart attack is coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis occurs when substances such as cholesterol, fat, and calcium accumulate on the inner walls of the arteries, forming plaque. Over time, this plaque hardens, reducing blood flow to the heart. If a plaque ruptures, it can lead to the formation of a blood clot, which may completely block the artery and trigger a heart attack.

Symptoms of a Heart Attack

Heart attack symptoms can differ from person to person and may develop gradually over hours, days, or even weeks before the actual event. While the heart continues to beat, it does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood due to blocked coronary arteries.

Common Symptoms:

  • Chest pain or discomfort – A feeling of pressure, tightness, heaviness, or squeezing in the middle of the chest.
  • Radiating pain – Pain that spreads to the jaw, arms, back, or shoulders.
  • Shortness of breath – Difficulty breathing even while at rest.
  • Extreme fatigue – Unusual tiredness, especially in the days or weeks before an attack.
  • Fainting or dizziness – A feeling of light-headedness or loss of consciousness.
  • Excessive sweating – Cold sweats or clammy skin.
  • Indigestion issues – Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain.
  • Anxiety or panic attacks – An unexplained sense of doom or fear.
  • Bluish lips, hands, or feet – Due to lack of oxygen in the blood.

Many people experience mild symptoms, such as chest discomfort, breathlessness, or fatigue, days or weeks before a heart attack.

What to Do in Case of a Heart Attack?

  1. Seek Emergency Help Immediately
    • Call an ambulance or rush the patient to the nearest hospital. Quick medical attention is crucial.
  2. Take Aspirin (if not allergic)
    • If the patient is conscious, they can take a normal dose of aspirin to help slow blood clot formation and reduce blockages.
    • The aspirin should be chewed before swallowing with water for faster absorption.
  3. Perform CPR if Necessary
    • If the patient loses consciousness and stops breathing, perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) until medical help arrives.
    • If untrained, perform only chest compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute.
  4. Hospital Treatment
    • Once at the hospital, doctors will assess the situation and provide life-saving medical treatment to restore blood flow to the heart.

Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition where the heart suddenly stops beating. When this happens, blood flow to the brain and other organs ceases, leading to unconsciousness and the inability to breathe. Without immediate medical intervention, cardiac arrest can result in death within minutes.

Causes of Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is primarily caused by abnormal heart rhythms, known as arrhythmias, which result from electrical disturbances in the heart. While it can occur unexpectedly in healthy individuals, certain pre-existing heart conditions increase the risk.

Common Causes:

  1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Blocked or narrowed arteries reduce blood supply to the heart.
  2. Cardiomyopathy – Thickened or enlarged heart muscles weaken the heart’s ability to pump blood.
  3. Valvular Heart Disease – Damage to one of the four heart valves disrupts blood flow.
  4. Congenital Heart Defects – Structural heart abnormalities present from birth.
  5. Myocarditis – Inflammation of the heart muscle due to infections.

Since cardiac arrest can happen suddenly, early recognition and immediate response are crucial for survival.Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition where the heart suddenly stops beating. When this happens, blood flow to the brain and other organs ceases, leading to unconsciousness and the inability to breathe. Without immediate medical intervention, cardiac arrest can result in death within minutes.

Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest often occurs suddenly, without warning. A person experiencing cardiac arrest may:

  • Collapse unexpectedly
  • Become unresponsive and unconscious
  • Stop breathing

However, research suggests that some patients may experience warning signs for days or even weeks before a cardiac arrest. These symptoms include:

  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Heart palpitations (irregular or rapid heartbeat)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Unexplained fatigue
  • Nausea or abdominal pain
  • Back pain

Recognizing these early signs can help prevent cardiac arrest with timely medical intervention.

What to Do in Case of Cardiac Arrest

Since the heart stops beating during cardiac arrest, the brain and other vital organs lose oxygen, which can lead to death or permanent brain damage within minutes. Immediate action can save a life.

Steps to Take:

  1. Call emergency medical services immediately.
  2. Perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) – If the person is unresponsive, start CPR with chest compressions (100–120 per minute) to maintain blood flow until medical help arrive.
  3. Use a Defibrillator (AED) – If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available and someone knows how to use it, apply it as soon as possible to restore normal heart rhythm.

Timely intervention is crucial—every second counts in saving a life during cardiac arrest.

Heart Failure

Heart failure is a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the body’s cells. This results in fatigue, weakness, and other complications. Unlike a heart attack or cardiac arrest, heart failure develops gradually over time, often as a result of underlying heart conditions.

Symptoms of Heart Failure

Heart failure symptoms can vary but commonly include:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Shortness of breath (especially during physical activity or while lying down)
  • Persistent coughing or wheezing
  • Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet
  • Difficulty in performing physical activities

Early detection of these symptoms can help manage the condition effectively.

Causes of Heart Failure

Heart failure usually develops due to conditions that weaken or damage the heart muscle. The most common causes include:

  • Coronary artery disease (blocked arteries reducing blood flow to the heart)
  • Hypertension (high blood pressure that strains the heart over time)
  • Heart valve disorders (leading to improper blood flow regulation)

Other contributing factors may include diabetes, obesity, and lifestyle habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

What to Do in Case of Heart Failure

Unlike a heart attack or cardiac arrest, heart failure is not an immediate medical emergency but requires long-term management. Timely treatment, lifestyle modifications, and prescribed medications can help slow its progression and improve quality of life.

Key Management Steps:

  • Consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
  • Follow a heart-healthy diet and maintain an active lifestyle.
  • Take prescribed medications to manage symptoms and underlying conditions.
  • Monitor symptoms closely and seek medical attention if they worsen.

Conclusion

Though heart attack, cardiac arrest, and heart failure differ in severity and symptoms, they often present early warning signs. Recognizing these signs and seeking timely medical intervention can prevent severe complications. Regular heart screenings and a heart-healthy lifestyle are essential for maintaining long-term cardiovascular health.

If you have concerns about your heart health, consult a cardiologist for expert guidance and preventive care.

 

Ravi Shankar Best Cardiac Surgeon

Advancements in Cardiac Surgery: A Guide to CTVS

By Dr. Sanjay Kumar in CTVS at Paras Hospital Gurgaon and Paras Hospitals East.

CTVS

Cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (CTVS) focuses on surgical treatment of diseases affecting the heart, lungs, breast, blood vessels and blood vessels. This includes a wide range of procedures, including vascular reconstruction, lung cancer resection, cardiac surgery, and coronary artery bypass implantation. All of these aim to improve the health and quality of life of our patients.

The CTVS department strives to provide the highest standard of supply to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Continuing advances in medical technology have made CTV’s future promising and paved the way for groundbreaking innovation in this field.

What is CTVS?

Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (CTVS) is a specialized surgical field focused on treating conditions of the heart, lungs, chest, and oesophagus. Traditionally, these procedures required open-chest surgery, leaving patients with a noticeable scar along the centre of the chest. However, advancements in minimally invasive techniques now allow surgeons to perform complex procedures through small incisions, reducing blood loss, shortening hospital stays, and ensuring faster recovery.

CTVS plays a crucial role in treating Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), a condition where narrowed or blocked arteries restrict blood flow to the heart, potentially causing heart attacks or angina (chest pain). In such cases, CTVS procedures help restore proper blood circulation.

Additionally, heart valve disorders—which disrupt normal blood flow—often require CTVS surgery to repair or replace malfunctioning valves. This speciality is also essential for correcting congenital heart defects, ensuring the heart functions optimally from an early stage.

Beyond cardiac care, CTVS is vital in lung cancer treatment, as it enables the removal of malignant tumours and affected lung tissue, helping prevent life-threatening complications. With continuous advancements in technology, CTVS is revolutionizing the way cardiovascular and thoracic diseases are treated, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Future of CTVS Heart Surgery

CTVS

Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (CTVS) is a highly advanced field that focuses on treating heart and lung diseases through surgery. In recent years, new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), robotic surgery, and 3D imaging have improved the success of these surgeries, making them safer and more precise.

The future of CTVS looks bright with exciting advancements in heart transplants, artificial hearts, ventricular assist devices (VADs), transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), and heart failure treatments. These modern techniques make surgeries less invasive, reduce recovery time, and improve patient outcomes.

With continuous research and new developments, CTVS will become even better, offering faster recovery, less pain, and more effective treatments for heart and lung diseases.

1. Artificial Intelligence in CTVS

AI is revolutionizing CTVS by enhancing surgical planning and decision-making. Traditionally, multiple specialists collaborated for complex surgeries, but AI now assists in analyzing patient history, health conditions, and surgical risks to predict outcomes.

With machine learning algorithms, AI helps in preoperative and postoperative management, optimizes surgical procedures, and supports robotic-assisted surgeries. These technologies reduce complications and improve precision, leading to higher success rates and faster recovery. As research progresses, AI is expected to further enhance patient safety and expand the possibilities of CTVS.

2. 3D Printing for Personalized CTVS Treatment

3D printing is revolutionizing pre-surgical planning by allowing surgeons to create accurate models of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. These models help in diagnosing complex conditions like congenital heart defects and arterial diseases while enabling customized surgical approaches.

With 3D-printed implants, surgeons can personalize treatment for each patient, leading to better surgical precision and improved recovery. This technology is particularly useful for minimally invasive surgeries, reducing operative risks and hospital stays.

3. Robot-Assisted CTVS Surgery

Robotic technology allows surgeons to perform highly precise, minimally invasive heart and lung surgeries. Unlike traditional open-heart procedures, robot-assisted surgery involves tiny incisions, reducing blood loss, infection risks, and recovery time.

A robotic system provides a magnified, 3D view of the surgical site and enhances a surgeon’s movements with greater flexibility and precision. The system’s multi-jointed “endo-wrist” instruments help operate in tight spaces, such as the left atrium of the heart, which would be challenging with conventional techniques. As research continues, robotic-assisted surgeries will likely become the standard for CTVS procedures.

Ours Thoughts

CTVS is a constantly evolving field, and artificial intelligence, 3D printing, and robotic surgery are making surgeries safer, faster, and more effective. With continuous advancements, the future of heart and lung surgery looks promising, offering patients better outcomes and improved quality of life.

For expert cardiovascular care, consult Paras Hospital’s experienced team of specialists and benefit from cutting-edge treatments tailored to your needs.

 

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