Heart transplant is indicated in cases of End stage heart failure and refractory heart failure . Its safety and longevity is comparable with other solid organ transplant eg; Liver and kidney , thanks to better Immunosuppression and better understanding of physiology of heart and rejection.

Ventricular assist devices are being used to takeover function of terminaly sick either ventricle temporily as bridge to recovery or transplant or permanent as destination therapy. These patients require anticoagulation like cases of mechanical valve. These devices implanted within the body of patient and pump the blood in aorta from sick ventricle, and one drive line (cable) came out of body which connect device to power source.